Daniels et al. (2019) found that higher-income, higher-status individuals were significantly more likely to say success comes from luck and connections, while lower-income individuals were more likely to say success comes from hard work and effort. This is backwards from the evidence: internal locus of control predicts better academic, economic, health, and relationship outcomes. Bandura warned that 'undermining self-efficacy will have little effect on the rich and educated, but will have pronounced effects for the less unfortunate.' The wealthy publicly broadcast a creed that would, if their own children believed it, guarantee failure.
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