Immune cells are carbohydrate readers, scanning sugar coatings for threats

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C-Type Lectin Receptors function as 'carbohydrate readers' on the surface of macrophages and dendritic cells, identifying pathogens by the distinctive sugar patterns on their surfaces. Dectin-1, for instance, recognizes the β-glucan signature unique to fungi. The analogy is reading the label on a package to know what's inside — the immune system decodes microbial identity from glycans rather than proteins.

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